Kurushanwa PCB

Guhindura inzira yiterambere, gukora ibirango bizwi kwisi

Kuva mu mwaka ushize, binyuze muri politiki n’ingamba zo gushyigikira inganda n’ingamba zo kwagura icyifuzo cy’imbere mu gihugu no kongera ishoramari, umusaruro n’ibicuruzwa by’amashanyarazi yo mu rugo mu Bushinwa byakomeje kwiyongera, bigera ku bwoko bwa “V”.Ariko, ibidashidikanywaho byiterambere ryubukungu biracyahari.Ibibazo byimbitse byinganda zikoresha ibikoresho byo murugo mubushinwa biracyari inzitizi zibangamira iterambere ryinganda.Birakenewe kandi byihutirwa kwihutisha guhindura no kuzamura inganda zo murugo.

Mu bihe by’ihungabana ry’imari, kurushaho kunoza ingamba zo "gusohoka", kongera imbaraga mu gushinga imishinga mpuzamahanga y’Ubushinwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga, kuzamura ubushobozi bw’inganda n’isoko ry’inganda z’abashinwa ku isi, kandi nta gushidikanya ko biteza imbere ivugurura ry’inganda kandi byihutisha iterambere. .Guhindura inzira.Guhura n'amahirwe n'ibibazo, gukora ikirango kizwi kwisi bisaba ibintu byinshi byingenzi.

Icya mbere nugushimangira kubaka ibicuruzwa byigenga no kugera kumurongo mpuzamahanga.Inganda zikoresha ibikoresho byo murugo mubushinwa ntizifite umubare munini wibigo binini bifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana kurwego rwisi.Ibyiza byinganda bigaragarira cyane mubipimo no mubwinshi, kandi ikinyuranyo namasosiyete mpuzamahanga yo mumahanga ni kinini.Ibintu bitameze neza nko gutunganya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga no kutagira ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byagabanije guhangana ku bicuruzwa byo mu rugo by’Ubushinwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga.

Kuva kuri “Made in China” kugeza kuri “Byaremewe mubushinwa” ni ugusimbuka kugoye kuva mubihinduka bikagera kumpinduka zujuje ubuziranenge.Ku bw'amahirwe, Lenovo, Haier, Hisense, TCL, Gree hamwe n’andi masosiyete akomeye akoresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo akomeje gushimangira imiterere y’ikigo gikora ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu Bushinwa, mu gihe ashimangira ubuhinzi bwabo bwite, kwagura ibicuruzwa, no guteza imbere inganda zikoresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu Bushinwa mu ruhando mpuzamahanga. .Umwanya wo kugabana umurimo wavuye muburyo bwubushinwa.Kuva yagura ubucuruzi bwa mudasobwa bwite bwa IBM mu 2005, inyungu za Lenovo zabaye akarusho, kandi ibicuruzwa bya Lenovo byatejwe imbere kandi bizwi ku isi hose.

Iya kabiri ni ukongera ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya no kugera kumuranga.Muri 2008, umusaruro w’inganda mu Bushinwa waje ku mwanya wa 210 ku isi.Mu nganda zikoreshwa mubikoresho byo murugo, TV yamabara, terefone igendanwa, mudasobwa, firigo, ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikonjesha, imashini imesa nibindi bicuruzwa biza ku mwanya wa mbere kwisi, ariko umugabane wacyo ku isoko akenshi biterwa numubare munini wibikoresho, ubutunzi bwibicuruzwa hamwe nagaciro kongerewe agaciro .Ibi biterwa ahanini nuko ibigo byinshi bifite ishoramari ridahagije muguhanga udushya, urwego rwinganda ntiruzura, kandi tekinoroji yibanze nibice byingenzi ntibibura mubushakashatsi niterambere.Ubushinwa bwashyizeho gahunda 10 zingenzi zo guhindura no kuvugurura inganda, bushishikariza ibigo gukurikiza udushya twigenga, kwihutisha ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ndetse n’inganda mu ikoranabuhanga ry’inganda, kongera agaciro k’ibicuruzwa no kuzamura ubushobozi bw’ibanze mu guhangana n’ibigo.

Mu rutonde rw’amasosiyete 100 ya elegitoroniki y’ikoranabuhanga hamwe n’amasosiyete ya software yatangajwe na Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, Huawei yaje ku mwanya wa mbere.Ubushobozi bwa Huawei n'imbaraga bigaragarira cyane mu guhanga udushya twigenga.Ku rutonde rw’isi yose rusaba PTC (Amasezerano y’ubufatanye bwa Patent) mu 2009, Huawei yaje ku mwanya wa kabiri hamwe na 1.847.Gutandukanya ibicuruzwa binyuze mu guhanga udushya ni urufunguzo rwo gutsinda Huawei mu nganda zikora ibikoresho by’itumanaho ku isi.

Icya gatatu nukwihutisha ishyirwa mubikorwa ryingamba zo "gusohoka" no kugera kubirango.Mu kibazo cy’imari mpuzamahanga, gukumira ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga byongeye kuba inzira y’ibihugu byateye imbere guhagarika iterambere ry’ibindi bihugu.Mugihe twaguye ibyifuzo byimbere mu gihugu no gukomeza iterambere, tugomba gushyira mubikorwa ingamba zo "gusohoka", kandi binyuze mubikorwa byimari nko guhuza hamwe no kugura ibintu, tuzafata imishinga ifite ikoranabuhanga ryibanze cyangwa imiyoboro yamasoko mubikorwa byisi, kandi dukine endogenous ibigo by'imishinga myiza yo murugo.Impamvu n'ishyaka, shakisha byimazeyo isoko mpuzamahanga no guteza imbere ibikorwa byaho, kuzamura irushanwa hamwe nijwi.

Hamwe nogushyira mubikorwa ingamba zo "gusohoka", ibigo byinshi bikoresha ibikoresho byo murugo mubushinwa bizerekana ubuhanga bwabo kumasoko mpuzamahanga.Haier Group nisosiyete yambere yo murugo ibikoresho byashyize imbere ingamba zo "gusohoka, kwinjira, kuzamuka".Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, isoko rya Haier ku isoko rya firigo n’imashini zo kumesa ziza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi mu myaka ibiri, zikagera ku ntera mu kirango cya mbere cy’ibikoresho byo mu rugo ku isi.

Kuva umunsi yavukiyeho, amasosiyete akoresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu Bushinwa yakomeje gukina “intambara yo ku isi”.Kuva ivugurura no gufungura, amasosiyete akoresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu Bushinwa yahanganye n’amasosiyete mpuzamahanga ku isi nka Panasonic, Sony, Siemens, Philips, IBM, Whirlpool, na GE ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa.Ibigo bikoresha ibikoresho byo murugo mubushinwa byahuye namarushanwa akomeye kandi yuzuye.Mu buryo bumwe, ibi byahindutse ubutunzi nyabwo bwinganda zikoreshwa mubikoresho byo murugo mubushinwa kugirango dukore ibirango bizwi kwisi.