Ihiganwa rya PCB

Guhindura inzira yiterambere, gukora ibirango bizwi kwisi

Kuva mu mwaka ushize, binyuze muri politiki n’ingamba zo gushyigikira inganda n’igihugu mu rwego rwo kwagura icyifuzo cy’imbere mu gihugu no kongera ishoramari, umusaruro n’igurisha ry’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi yo mu rugo mu Bushinwa byakomeje kwiyongera, bigera ku bwoko bwa “V”. Ariko, gushidikanya kw'iterambere ry'ubukungu biracyahari. Ibibazo byimbitse by’inganda zikoresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu Bushinwa biracyari inzitizi zibangamira iterambere ry’inganda. Birakenewe kandi byihutirwa kwihutisha guhindura no kuzamura inganda zo murugo.

Mu bihe by’ihungabana ry’imari, kurushaho kunoza ingamba zo “gusohoka”, kongera ingufu mu gushinga imishinga mpuzamahanga ku rwego rw’isi mu Bushinwa, kuzamura ubushobozi bw’inganda n’isoko ry’inganda z’abashinwa ku isi, kandi nta gushidikanya ko biteza imbere ivugurura ry’inganda kandi byihutisha iterambere. . Guhindura inzira. Guhura n'amahirwe n'ibibazo, gukora ikirango kizwi kwisi bisaba ibintu byinshi byingenzi.

Icya mbere ni ugushimangira kubaka ibicuruzwa byigenga no kugera ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Inganda zikoreshwa mu rugo mu Bushinwa ntizifite umubare munini w’amasosiyete manini afite ubushobozi bwo guhangana ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Ibyiza byinganda bigaragarira cyane mubipimo no mubwinshi, kandi ikinyuranyo namasosiyete mpuzamahanga yo mumahanga ni kinini. Ibintu bitameze neza nko gutunganya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga no kutagira inganda zo mu rwego rwo hejuru byagabanije guhangana ku bicuruzwa by’ibikoresho byo mu rugo by’Ubushinwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga.

Kuva kuri “Made in China” kugeza kuri “Byaremewe mu Bushinwa” ni ugusimbuka kugoye kuva impinduka zingana no guhinduka kwiza. Ku bw'amahirwe, Lenovo, Haier, Hisense, TCL, Gree hamwe n’andi masosiyete akomeye y’ibikoresho byo mu rugo bakomeje gushimangira imiterere y’ikigo gikora ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu Bushinwa, mu gihe bashimangira ubuhinzi bwabo bwite, kwagura ibicuruzwa, no guteza imbere inganda zikoresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu Bushinwa mu ruhando mpuzamahanga. . Umwanya wo kugabana umurimo wavuye muburyo mpuzamahanga bwubushinwa. Kuva yagura ubucuruzi bwa mudasobwa bwite bwa IBM mu 2005, inyungu za Lenovo zabaye akarusho, kandi ibicuruzwa bya Lenovo byatejwe imbere kandi bizwi ku isi hose.

Icyakabiri nukuzamura ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya no kugera kumurongo wihariye. Mu 2008, umusaruro w’inganda mu Bushinwa waje ku mwanya wa 210 ku isi. Mu nganda zikoreshwa mu rugo, TV yamabara, terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa, firigo, ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikonjesha, imashini imesa n’ibindi bicuruzwa biza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi, ariko umugabane w’isoko akenshi biterwa n’umutungo munini w’ibikoresho, ubutunzi bw’ibicuruzwa hamwe n’agaciro kiyongereyeho . Ibi biterwa ahanini nuko ibigo byinshi bifite ishoramari ridahagije muguhanga udushya, urwego rwinganda ntiruzura, kandi tekinoroji yibanze nibice byingenzi ntibibura mubushakashatsi niterambere. Ubushinwa bwashyizeho gahunda 10 z’ingenzi zo guhindura no kuvugurura inganda, bushishikariza inganda gukurikiza udushya twigenga, kwihutisha ubushakashatsi n’iterambere n’inganda mu ikoranabuhanga ry’inganda, kongera agaciro k’ibicuruzwa no kuzamura ubushobozi bw’ibanze mu guhangana n’ibigo.

Ku rutonde rw’amasosiyete 100 y’ikoranabuhanga ya elegitoroniki n’amasosiyete ya software yatangajwe na Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, Huawei yaje ku mwanya wa mbere. Ubushobozi bwa Huawei n'imbaraga bigaragarira cyane mu guhanga udushya twigenga. Ku rutonde rw’isi yose rusaba PTC (Amasezerano y’ubufatanye bwa Patent) mu 2009, Huawei yaje ku mwanya wa kabiri hamwe na 1.847. Gutandukanya ibicuruzwa binyuze mu guhanga udushya ni urufunguzo rwo gutsinda kwa Huawei mu nganda zikora ibikoresho by’itumanaho ku isi.

Icya gatatu nukwihutisha ishyirwa mubikorwa ryingamba zo "gusohoka" no kugera kumurongo wikirango. Mu kibazo cy’imari mpuzamahanga, gukumira ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga byongeye kuba inzira y’ibihugu byateye imbere guhagarika iterambere ry’ibindi bihugu. Mugihe twagura ibyifuzo byimbere mu gihugu no gukomeza iterambere, tugomba gushyira mubikorwa ingamba zo "gusohoka", kandi binyuze mubikorwa byishoramari nko guhuza hamwe no kugura ibintu, tuzasobanukirwa ninganda zifite ikoranabuhanga ryibanze cyangwa imiyoboro yisoko munganda zisi, kandi dukine endogenous ibigo by'imishinga myiza yo murugo. Impamvu n'ishyaka, shakisha byimazeyo isoko mpuzamahanga no guteza imbere inzira yaho, kuzamura irushanwa hamwe nijwi.

Hamwe nogushyira mubikorwa ingamba zo "gusohoka", ibigo byinshi bikoresha ibikoresho byo murugo mubushinwa bizerekana ubuhanga bwabyo kumasoko mpuzamahanga. Haier Group nisosiyete yambere ibikoresho byo murugo byashyize ahagaragara ingamba zo "gusohoka, kwinjira, kuzamuka". Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, isoko rya Haier ku isoko rya firigo n’imashini zo kumesa ziza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi mu myaka ibiri, zikagera ku ntera mu kirango cya mbere cy’ibikoresho byo mu rugo ku isi.

Kuva umunsi yavukiyeho, amasosiyete akoresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu Bushinwa yakomeje gukina “intambara yo ku isi”. Kuva ivugurura no gufungura, amasosiyete akoresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu Bushinwa yahanganye n’amasosiyete mpuzamahanga ku isi nka Panasonic, Sony, Siemens, Philips, IBM, Whirlpool, na GE ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa. Ibigo bikoresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu Bushinwa byahuye n’amarushanwa akomeye kandi yuzuye. Mu buryo bumwe, ibi byahindutse ubutunzi nyabwo bwinganda zikoresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu Bushinwa kugira ngo hamenyekane ibirango bizwi ku isi.