Ihiganwa rya PCB

Ikibaho cyumuzingo cyacapwe (PCBs) kigaragara mubikoresho byose bya elegitoroniki. Niba hari ibice bya elegitoronike mubikoresho, byose byashyizwe kuri PCBs zingana. Usibye gukosora ibice bito bito, imikorere nyamukuru yaPCBni ugutanga imiyoboro ihuza amashanyarazi yibice bitandukanye hejuru. Mugihe ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bigenda birushaho kuba ingorabahizi, nibindi byinshi birakenewe, kandi imirongo nibice kuriPCBna byinshi kandi byinshi. IgipimoPCBbisa nkibi. Ikibaho cyambaye ubusa (kitagira ibice kuri cyo) nacyo bakunze kwita “Icapa ryacapwe (PWB).”
Isahani fatizo yibibaho ubwayo ikozwe muburyo bwo kubika ibintu bitagoramye byoroshye. Ibikoresho bito byumuzunguruko bishobora kugaragara hejuru ni umuringa wumuringa. Mu ntangiriro, ifiriti y'umuringa yatwikiriye ikibaho cyose, ariko igice cyacyo cyarashizwe mu gihe cyo gukora, naho igice gisigaye gihinduka uruziga rumeze nk'uruziga ruto. . Iyi mirongo yitwa uburyo bwo kuyobora cyangwa insinga, kandi bikoreshwa mugutanga amashanyarazi kubice kuriPCB.
Kugerekaho ibice KuriPCB, twagurishije pin zabo muburyo butaziguye. Kuri PCB yibanze cyane (uruhande rumwe), ibice byibanze kuruhande rumwe naho insinga zegeranijwe kurundi ruhande. Nkigisubizo, dukeneye gukora umwobo mubibaho kugirango pin zishobore kunyura mu kibaho kurundi ruhande, bityo ibice byigice bigurishwa kurundi ruhande. Kubera iyi, impande zinyuma ninyuma za PCB byitwa Ibigize Uruhande na Solder Side.
Niba hari ibice bimwe kuri PCB bigomba gukurwaho cyangwa gusubizwa inyuma nyuma yumusaruro urangiye, socket izakoreshwa mugihe ibice byashizweho. Kubera ko sock isudira ku kibaho, ibice birashobora gusenywa no guterana uko bishakiye. Reba hano hepfo ni ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) sock, ituma ibice (muriki gihe, CPU) byinjizwa byoroshye muri sock hanyuma bigakurwaho. Kugumana umurongo kuruhande rwa sock kugirango ufate igice mumwanya umaze gushiramo.
Niba PCB ebyiri zigomba guhuzwa, muri rusange dukoresha imiyoboro ihuza impande zizwi nka "intoki za zahabu". Intoki za zahabu zirimo udupapuro twinshi twumuringa twerekanwe, mubyukuri bigize igice cyaPCBImiterere. Mubisanzwe, iyo duhuza, dushyiramo intoki za zahabu kuri imwe muri PCB mumwanya ukwiye kurindi PCB (mubisanzwe bita kwaguka). Muri mudasobwa, nk'ikarita ishushanya, ikarita y'ijwi cyangwa andi makarita asa, ahujwe na kibaho n'intoki za zahabu.
Icyatsi cyangwa igikara kuri PCB ni ibara rya mask yo kugurisha. Uru rupapuro ni ingabo ikingira irinda insinga z'umuringa kandi ikanabuza ibice kugurishwa ahantu hadakwiye. Ubundi buryo bwa silike ya ecran yacapishijwe kuri mask yo kugurisha. Mubisanzwe, inyandiko n'ibimenyetso (cyane cyane byera) byacapishijwe kuriyi kugirango werekane umwanya wa buri gice kurubaho. Urupapuro rwo gucapura uruhande narwo rwitwa uruhande rw'imigani.
Ikibaho kimwe
Gusa twavuze ko kuri PCB yibanze, ibice byibanze kuruhande rumwe naho insinga zegeranye kurundi ruhande. Kuberako insinga zigaragara kuruhande rumwe gusa, twita ubu bwokoPCBuruhande rumwe (Uruhande rumwe). Kuberako ikibaho kimwe gifite imbogamizi zikomeye kubishushanyo mbonera byumuzunguruko (kubera ko hari uruhande rumwe gusa, insinga ntishobora kwambuka kandi igomba kuzenguruka inzira itandukanye), bityo imirongo yambere gusa yakoresheje ubu bwoko bwibibaho.
Ikibaho Cyombi
Iyi nama ifite insinga kumpande zombi. Ariko, kugirango ukoreshe impande ebyiri zinsinga, hagomba kubaho guhuza imiyoboro ikwiye hagati yimpande zombi. Bene "ibiraro" hagati yumuzunguruko byitwa vias. Vias ni ibyobo bito kuri PCB, byuzuye cyangwa bishushanyijeho ibyuma, bishobora guhuzwa ninsinga kumpande zombi. Kuberako ubuso bwibibaho byimpande ebyiri buringaniye nubwa kabiri, kandi kubera ko insinga zishobora guhuzwa (zishobora gukomeretsa kurundi ruhande), birakwiriye gukoreshwa cyane cyane umuzenguruko kuruta ikibaho kimwe.
Ikibaho Cyinshi
Kugirango wongere ubuso bushobora kuba insinga, imbaho ​​nyinshi cyangwa imwe-ebyiri zikoreshwa mu mbaho ​​nyinshi. Ibibaho byinshi-bikoresha imbaho ​​nyinshi zimpande ebyiri, hanyuma ugashyiraho urwego rukingira hagati ya buri kibaho hanyuma ugahambira (kanda-bikwiye). Umubare wibice byubuyobozi byerekana ibyigenga byinshi byigenga, mubisanzwe umubare wabyo ni ndetse, kandi ushizemo ibice bibiri byo hanze. Ibyapa byinshi byububiko ni 4 kugeza 8 byubatswe, ariko mubuhanga, hafi 100PCBimbaho ​​zirashobora kugerwaho. Mudasobwa nini nini cyane zikoresha imbaho ​​nyinshi cyane, ariko kubera ko mudasobwa zishobora gusimburwa na cluster ya mudasobwa nyinshi zisanzwe, ikibaho cya ultra-multi-layer cyagiye gitangira gukoreshwa. Kuberako ibice muri aPCBzifatanije cyane, mubisanzwe ntabwo byoroshye kubona umubare nyawo, ariko iyo urebye neza kububiko, ushobora kubishobora.
Viyasi tumaze kuvuga, niba ikoreshwa ku kibaho gifite impande ebyiri, igomba gutoborwa mu kibaho cyose. Ariko, mubibaho byinshi, niba ushaka guhuza bimwe muribi bisobanuro, noneho vias irashobora guta umwanya wumwanya kubindi bice. Gushyingura vias hamwe na tekinoroji ya vias irashobora kwirinda iki kibazo kuko cyinjira mubice bike. Impumyi zihuza ibice byinshi byimbere PCBs hejuru ya PCBs itinjiye mubibaho byose. Gushyingura vias bihujwe gusa imberePCB, ntibishobora rero kuboneka hejuru.
Mubice byinshiPCB, igorofa yose ihujwe neza na wire yubutaka hamwe namashanyarazi. Dutondekanya rero buri cyiciro nkibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso (Ikimenyetso), imbaraga zimbaraga (Imbaraga) cyangwa ubutaka (Ubutaka). Niba ibice biri kuri PCB bisaba ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bitandukanye, mubisanzwe PCBs izaba ifite ibice birenga bibiri byingufu ninsinga